編目規則的演變
毛慶禎 輔仁大學圖書資訊學系
英美編目規則的演變
- 1841 Sir Anthony Panizzi, "Rules for compling the catalogue of printed books, maps
and music in the British Museum" (rev ed. 1936)
- 1876 C.M. Cutter, "Rules for a dictionary catalog" (4th ed. 1904)
- 1908 "LA, ALA, AA code" (the 'Joint' code)
- 1914 LC, "Subject headings used in the dictionary catalogs of the Library of
Congress"
- 1931 Vatican code
- 1949 "ALA rules and the Library of Congress rules for descriptive cataloguing"
- 1953 Lubetzky, "Cataloging rules and principles"
- 1958 LC, Cataloguing In Source(CIS)、Cataloguing In Publication(CIP)
- 1961 ICCP(International Conference on Cataloguing Principles) - Paris
- 1967 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
SBN(Standard Book Number, ISBN)
- 1970 ISSN(International standard Serial Number)
- 1971 IFLA, ISBD(International Standard Bibliographic Description)
- 1978 AACR 2nd ed. (AACR2)
- 1981 BL, LC, National libraries of Canada and Australia adopt AACR2
- Concise AACR2
- 1988 AACR2 1988 Revision
- 1989 The Concise AACR2 1988 revision
- 1993 Amendment of AACR2 1988 revision
1966 ALA, LA -> memorandum of agreement 決定繼續修訂AACR；1967
AACR1出版, 有兩個版本North American, British。
下列諸事對書目資料的發展有具體的影響:
- mechanization
- centralized and cooperative
- bibliographic services and networks
- development and unification of services in the national libraries
- new media
- networks, shared cataloguing的進展, 加速AACR2 的推廣
新舊併存制度 superimposition
1969 International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts, Copenhagen
ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description)
March 1974 -> 美英加簽約, AACR2
正式上路；它們的決議是：
- to reconcile North American and British texts into one single text;
- to incorporate all amendments and changes that already agreed;
- to consider all new proposals from amendment by ALA, LA, LC, CLA, BL,
etc.;
- to provide for international interest, also as a condition for
funding by the Council on Library Resources ALA, BL, Canadian Committee on Cataloguing,
LA, LC共同組成JSCAACR, 其作用為:
- to appoint the editors;
- to consider all proposals and determine questions of policy with the
editors;
- to assess for approval the rules framed by the editors;
- to present the final text for publication;
- to be the ultimate authority for the content and presentation of
AACR2.
The guidelines of JSCAARC were:
- conformity with the Paris Principles;
- watch the developemnt of machine processing of bibliographic records;
- conformity with the ISBD(M);
- nonbook materials -> CLA, LA, Association for Educational
Communications and Technology, revision of chapter 12.
Structure and Working Methods of JSCAACR
- US -> ALA/RTSD Catalog Code Revision Committee (CCRC)。
- UK -> Library Association/British Library共同組成Committee on
Revision of AACR
負責和北歐各國連絡
- Canada -> Canadian Committee on Cataloguing/Comite canadien de
catalogage (CCC)
1978 Common Revision Fund 贊助修訂工作
1977重組JSCAACR, 1981增加了 Australian Committee on Cataloguing，處理英語系以外國家的意見
1977 JSCRAACR的任務如下:
- 指導AACR2 節版的編輯工作, 並審核其內容;
- 監督AACR2的使用及銷售; 建議使用者採用相關的規則;
認可相關的譯本;
- 修訂規則, 並定期發表這些修訂;
- 研討規則的解釋, 以確保其內容的一致;
- 遵照 Council on Library Resources 的協議, 舉辦和AACR2有關的活動。
- 和 IFLA 及 UBC 保持連繫, 以便促進國際性的標準化。
IFLA = International federation of Library Associations and
institutions
UBC = Universal Bibliographic Control
JSCAACR 的大部份工作還是落在規則的修訂:
- 更正明顯的錯誤 (1979);
- 修飾詞句使更易懂;
- 改變確實不合宜的規則;
- 增加規則及例子以解釋新的案例。
經過使用及翻譯之後,
規則本身不免有語意混淆、排版錯誤之處, JSCAACR
這些地方都下過工夫。
videodiscs, microcomputer files
1982, 1983, 1985 分別出版了規則修正, 1988
年的修訂版則把它們全部融入, 而且又加了一些。1994年再次修訂，預計於2000年出版全新的修訂版。
基本上, AACR2 是個截然不同的編目規則:
- description;
- corporate headings;
- uniform titles;
- fullness of names and instances;
- provided options and alternatives;
- level of details;
differenct style and content迫使圖書館必須廢棄舊的目錄,
所以大家都猶豫了一陣子；Library of Congress，Ntional Library of Canada，British
Library，Australian National Library等單位，等到了1981年元月, 才正式採用AACR2。
- AACR1;
- Cataloging Service -> LC;
- Ango-American Cataloguing Rules Amendment Bulletin -> LA;
- Revision of chapter 6 -> ALA, LA, 1974
- Revision of chapter 12 -> ALA, 1975
Nonbook materials
- Non-book Materials Cataloguing Rules / prepared by the Library
Association Media Cataloguing Rules Committee. -- London : National Council for
Educational Technology, 1973. -- (Working paper ; no. 11);
- Nonbook Materials : the Organization of Integrated Collections / by
Jean Riddle Weihs, Shirley Lewis, Janet Macdonald. -- 1st ed. -- Ottawa : Canadian Library
Association, 1973;
- Standards for Cataloging Nonprint Materials : an Interpretation and
Practical Application / by Alma Tillin and William J. Quinly. -- 4th ed. -- Washington :
Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1976.
Part I
- Revised chapter 6;
- ISBD(M) : International Standard Bibliographic Description for
Monographic Publicatons. -- 1st standard ed. -- London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing,
1974;
- ISBD(G) : General International Standard Bibliographic Description :
Annotated Text / prepared by the Working Group on the General International Standard
Bibliographic Description set up by the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing. -- London : IFLA
International Office for UBC, 1977。
Computer files
- Study of Cataloguing Computer Ssoftware : Applying AACR2 to
Microcomputer Programs / Ray Templeton and Anita Witten. -- [London] : British Library,
c1984. -- (Library and Information Research Report ; 28)
- Guidelines for Using AACR2 Chapter 9 for Cataloging Microcomputer
Software / Committee on Catloging : Descriptions and Access, Cataloging and Calssification
Section, American Library Association. -- Chicago : ALA, 1984。
Part II
- Statement of Principles Adopted at the International Conference on
Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October 1961. -- Annotated ed. with commentary and examples
/ by Eva Verona, assisted by ... [others]. -- London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing,
1971;
- Corporate Headings : Their Use in Library Catalogues and National
Bibliographies : a Comparative and Critical Study / Eva Verona. -- London : IFLA Committee
on Cataloguing, 1975。
中文編目規則
國立中央圖書館中文圖書編目規則, 1959
中國編目規則 : 總則、圖書、連續性出版品 1982
中國編目規則 1983, 1995
評鑑
1974年三月，英美加三個的圖書館界共同決議推動AACR2,
工作方向為何？
JSCAACR的任務為何？它的工作為何？
1978年的AACR2，其編訂依據為何？
