¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç³N¤åÄm

¤ò¼yºÕ »²¤¯¤j¾Ç¹Ï®Ñ¸ê°T¾Ç¨t°Æ±Ð±Â
http://www.lins.fju.edu.tw/mao/works/oadevelopment.htm
2005/4/30
  1. «e¨¥
  2. ¾Ç³N¶Ç¼½ªº¦M¾÷
  3. ¦Û§Ú¨åÂÃ
    1. µÛ§@Åv
    2. §@ªÌºô¯¸
    3. ¾Ç¬ì¨åÂéÒ
    4. ¾÷ºc¨åÂéÒ
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  5. «á³]¸ê®ÆÂ^¨ú¨ó©w
    1. ¶}©ñ¨åÂëP¶i·|«á³]¸ê®ÆÂ^¨ú¨ó©w(OAI-PMH)
  6. ¬F©²ºA«×¤Î¥ßªk
    1. ¬ü°ê
    2. ­^°ê
    3. ¼Ú·ù
  7. µo®i¤¤°ê®a
    1. AGORA
    2. HINARI
    3. Ptolemy Project
    4. SciELO
  8. ¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¦^À³
    1. ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹ÎÅé
    2. ¬ü°ê
    3. ­^°ê
    4. ¼Ú·ù
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  9. µ²½×
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1. «e¨¥

¶}©ñªñ¥ÎĶ¦ÛOpen Access, ªñ¥Î¬O±µªñ¨Ï¥ÎªºÂ²ºÙ, ¤¤°ê¤j³°±N¤§Ä¶¬°¶}©ñ¦s¨ú(§õªZ¤Î¼B¯÷ùÚ 2004)¡C1994¦~9¤ë23¤é¤jªk©x¸ÑÄÀ¤åÄÀ¦r²Ä364¸¹, ÂǸÑÄÀ¨¥½×¦Û¥Ñªº¾÷·|, ±q¡u¤H¥Á¥­µ¥±µªñ¨Ï¥Î¶Ç¼½´CÅé¡vªº¨¤«×, ±NAccessĶ¬°±µªñ¨Ï¥Î¡C(¤jªk©x¸ÑÄÀ, 1994)

¶}©ñªñ¥Î¥»¨­¬OªÀ·|¹B°Ê, ÁB¥¿´¼¼z°]²£Åv¦V¸ê¥»¥D¸q¶É±×, ¦b¤£¯A¤Jªk«ß§ï­²ªº«e´£¤U, Âǵ۬Fªv¡B°Ó·~¡B¹D¼wµ¥¶D¨D, ¹C»¡µÛ§@©Ò¦³Åv¤H°ò©ó¥»¨­ªº²z©À¤Î§Q¯q, ÄÀ©ñ¸ê°T¥»¨­ªº¦Û¥Ñ©Ê, ÂÇ¥H«P¶i¥þ²yªºµo®i¡C

¶}©ñªñ¥Îªº¼Ðªº¬O¸ê°T, ¥HµÛ§@©Ò¦³Åv¤H¬°¹ï¶H¡C¦bªk«ßªº³W©w©ÎµÛ§@©Ò¦³Åv¤H±ÂÅv¤U, ¨ã¦³¤U¦C¨âºØ¯S©Êªº¸ê°T, ³QºÙ¬°¶}©ñªñ¥Î¸ê°T: 1)§K¶O¨Ï¥Î; 2)µÛ§@Åv¤H¨Æ¥ý¦P·N¸Ó¸ê°T³QµL­­¨î¦a¾\Ū¡B¤U¸ü¡B½Æ»s¡B¦@¨É¡BÀx¦s¡B¦L»s¡BÀ˯Á¡B³sµ²¡Bª¦®Þ¡C§K°£ªñ¥Î¸ê°T±a¨Óªº»ù®æª[µø, ¤]¸Ñ¨M±ÂÅv¦M¾÷¡C(BOAI, 2002)

¥Íª«Âå¾Ç¬É¸É¥R¤W­zªº©w¸q(Bethesda, 2003): 1)«O¯d³¡¥÷Åv§Q, ¥²¶·¸p¦W­ìµÛªÌ, ¦L¥»¯­­­¤Ö¶q¤Î­Ó¤H¥Î³~¤§¥Î; 2)¤½¶}¨åÂÃ, ±N§¹¾ã§@«~¥H¼Ð·ÇªºÀɮ׮榡±H¦s¦b¦Ü¤Ö¤@­Ó¥Ñ¾Ç³N³æ¦ì¡B¾Ç·|¡B¬F©²¾÷ºc©Î¨ä¥LÁnÅA¨ôµÛªº³æ¦ì¤ä´©ªº½u¤W¨åÂþ÷¨î¸Ì, ¸Ó¨åÂþ÷¨î¥²»Ý±Ä¥Î¶}©ñªñ¥Î¡B´²¥¬µL­­¨î¡B¸ó¥­¥x¤Îªø´Á¨åÂìFµ¦, ¬ü°ê©x¤èªº¤½¦@Âå¾Ç¤¤¤ß(PubMed Central)¬O²Å¦X¦¹©w¸qªº¤½¶}¨åÂþ÷¨î¡C

¶}©ñªñ¥Î¤åÄm¦³¥|­Ó¯S©Ê: §K¶O¨Ï¥Î¡B¨Æ¥ý±ÂÅv¡B«O¯d³¡¥÷Åv§Q¡B¤½¶}¨åÂáC¥]¬A¨Ìªk³à¥¢µÛ§@°]²£Åvªº¤½¦³¤åÄm¡B¨Ìªk¥O¥²¶·¤½¶}ªº¬F©²¤åÄm¡B°ò©ó­Û²zÀ³¶}©ñªñ¥Îªº¾Ç³N¤åÄm¡B¨Ï¥Î®É¶¡¤Î ¦aÂI¨ü­­ªº­É¾\¤åÄmµ¥, ¤£¤¶¤J¨p»â°ìªº¤åÄm¡C(¤ò¼yºÕ, 2004)

µL°]²£Åvªº¸ê°TºÙ¬°¤½¦³¸ê°T¡CµÛ§@Åvªk²Ä30±ø³W©w, µÛ§@°]²£Åv¦sÄò©óµÛ§@¤H¤§¥Í¦s´Á¶¡¤Î¨ä¦º¤`«á¤­¤Q¦~; ¦¨¬°¤½¦³¸ê°T«á, ¦b´L­«µÛ§@¤H®æÅvªº«e´£¤U, ¥ô¦ó¤H§¡¥iÀH·N¨Ï¥Î¡C(µÛ§@Åvªk, 2004)

¥H¬F©²¾÷Ãö¤Î¨ä©ÒÄݾ÷ºc¡B¾Ç®Õ¤§¸g¶O©Î¦W¸q¥Xª©¤§¸ê°T, ºÙ¬°¬F©²¸ê°T¡C°ò©ó¬I¬F»Ý­n, ¬F©²¦U¾÷Ãöªº¸ê°T, ¥»¨­¨ã¦³´Á±æ³Q¥Á²³ªñ¥Îªº¯S©Ê¡CµÛ§@Åvªk²Ä9±ø¡BÀɮתk²Ä22±ø(Àɮתk, 1999)¡B¦æ¬F¸ê°T¤½¶}¿ìªk²Ä4±ø(¦æ¬F¸ê°T¤½¶}¿ìªk, 2001)µ¥ªk¥O, §¡«ü¥X¬F©²À³¥D°Ê¤½¶}¬F©²¸ê°T, ¨Ñ¥Á²³ªñ¥Î¡C

¾Ç³N¤åÄm¬O¾ÇªÌ±M®aªº¬ã¨s³ø§i, ¥H¹L¥hªº¬ã¨s¦¨ªG¬°°ò¦, °µ§ó²`¤Jªº ¬ã¨s¡C¾Ç³N¤åÄmªº§@ªÌ±µ¨ü¤½³¡ªù©Î°òª÷·|ªºÃÙ§U, ©Î»â¨ú¾Ç³N³æ¦ìªºÁ~¹S, ©^Äm©ó¾Ç³N¬ã¨s, ¤£¥H­Ó§O¾Ç³N¦¨ªG¿Ñ§Q, ¯­¦b¥G¨ä¦¨ªGªº´²¥¬©Ê¡C

¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¦L¥»¤åÄm, ¥»¨Ó´N¨ÑªÀ·|¤j²³§K¶Oªñ¥Î, ¯­­n¦³¤@­Ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¨åÂÃ, ³z¹LÀ]»Ú¤¬­É¾÷¨î, ¥þ²y¦U¦a³£¥i¥Hªñ¥Î¡C

2. ¾Ç³N¶Ç¼½ªº¦M¾÷

¾Ç³N¤åÄm¬O¶}©ñªñ¥Î¹B°Êªº¼Ðªº¤§¤@, ¦]¬°¥¦ªº¯S©Ê, ¦Ó³Q¯S§O¦CÁ|¥X¨Ó(Suber, P. 2004)¡C

  1. §@ªÌ¥¼»â¨ú³ø¹S
  2. ¾Ç³N¤åÄmªº»ù­È¦b©ó¶Ç¼½¦Ó¤£¬O¿Ñ§Q

¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬É»{¬°¾Ç³N¤åÄmªº¥Xª©¨t²Î¥X²{¦M¾÷, ¨ä½t¥Ñ¦³¤T(Suber, P. 2003):

  1. ¾Ç¥Z»ù®æªºº¦´T¤j©ó³q³f¿±º¦³t«×, ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹wºâ»°¤£¤W¾Ç¥Zªºº¦´T;
  2. ·s¾Ç¥Zªº¥X²{³t«×¤Ó§Ö, ¹Ï®ÑÀ]µLªk¾Ö¦³©Ò¦³ªº¾Ç¥Z;
  3. ¾Ç¥Zªºªñ¥Î³Q­­¨î, µLªk¥R¥÷À³¥Î·í¥Nªº¬ì§Þ¶Ç¼½¾Ç³N¤åÄm;

¶}©ñªñ¥Î¹B°Ê»P¾Ç¥Zªº»ù®æ¦³±K¤ÁÃö«Y, ¦ý¶}©ñªñ¥Îªº±À°ÊªÌ»{¬°, ¸Ñ¨M¾Ç¥Zªº»ù®æ¦M¾÷, ¯­¬O¶}©ñªñ¥Î¹B°Êªº°Æ²£«~¤§¤@, ¤£¬O¥D­n¥Øªº¡C¶}©ñªñ¥Î¤£¦ý­n¸Ñ¨M¾Ç³N¤åÄmªº»ù®æ¦M¾÷, ¤]­n±Æ°£¾Ç³N¤åÄmªº±ÂÅv¦M¾÷(Hugenholtz, P. B., 2000)¡C

1940¦~¥Nªºª«²z¾Ç®aLeo Szilard´£¥X¶}©ñªñ¥Îªº¼Ò¦¡, ¶}ª±¯º¦¡ªº«Øij, ªì¤J¾³õªº¬ì¾Ç®a, ¥i¶R¤U¤@¦Ê±i§I´«¨÷, ¨Ñ¦P¹D§I´«¨ä½×¤å¡C

2003¦~10¤ë, ¼w°ê¹Ò¤º¥D­nªº¬ã¨s¾÷ºc¤Î­Y¤z°ê»Ú©Ê¹ÎÅé, ³£Ã±¸p¬fªL«Å¨¥, ­n¨D«Ø¥ß¡u¶}©ñªñ¥Î¡v¾÷¨î(Berlin Declaration 2003)¡C

¶}©ñªñ¥Î¬O¸Ñ¨M¾Ç³N¤åÄm¦M¾÷ªº¹ïµ¦¤§¤@, ¥H¨âºØ¤¬¸Éªºµ¦²¤¶i¦æ(BOAI, 2002):

  1. ¦Û§Ú¨åÂÃ(Self-Archiving) -  ¥ÑµÛ§@©Ò¦³Åv¤H±ÂÅvªº¨åÂþ÷¨î;
  2. ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z - ¾Ç¥Z½×¤åªº±ÂÅv¤è¦¡²Å¦X¶}©ñªñ¥Î©w¸q

2. ¦Û§Ú¨åÂÃ

¦³¤TºØ¤è¦¡¹ê²{¦Û§Ú¨åÂÃ:

  1. ¸m©ó§@ªÌªººô¯¸;
  2. ±H¦s©ó¾Ç¬ì¨åÂéÒ;
  3. ±H¦s©ó¾÷ºc¨åÂéÒ

¦Û§Ú¨åÂ꺽פå, ¤À¬°¨âºØ: ©|«Ý¦P¾«µû¾\ªº¦L«e¥Xª©«~(preprints)¤Î¸g¹L¦P¾«µû¾\ªº¦L«á¥Xª©«~(postprints), ¥H¹q¤l¨åÂéÒ(e-prints)²ÎºÙ¤§¡C

1991¦~8¤ë¥H¨Ó¡A¬ü°ê°ê®a¬ì¾Ç©e­û·|¡Bªü©Ô¤ì¹Ï¹êÅç«Ç¤Î¯à·½³¡¦@¦P±À°Ê¾Ç³N¸ê°T¦Û¥Ñ¡A«Ø¥ßªºªü¦èÀÉ®×(arXiv.org)ºô¯¸, ¬O³Ì¦¨¥\ªº¦Û§Ú¨åÂîרÒ, ®e¯Çª«²z¾Ç¤Î¬ÛÃöªº¼Æ¾Ç¡B«D½u©Ê¬ì¾Ç¡B¹q¸£¬ì¾Ç»P®Ö¤l¬ì¾Çµ¥³N¸ê°T¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¥i¥H§â¦Û¤vªº½×¤å©ñ¤W¨Ó¡A¤]¥i¥H¤U¸ü¨ä¤¤ªº½×¤å¡C¨ä¥L¾Ç¬ì, ¤×¨ä¬O¤H¤å¾Ç¬ì»â°ì, ¹ï©ó¦Û§Ú¨åÂýפ媺¦@ÃÑ, Á٫ݫإߡC

Citeseer¤£¶È¨åÂýפå, Áٹ鷺®e¤ÀªR, ±N¬ÛÃöªº§@«~¶°¤¤¦b¤@°_, ¥H¦UºØÀɮ׮榡¶Ç°e¡C

¬Y¨Ç¥Íª«Âå¾Ç»â°ìªº¾Ç¥Z, ª[µø¦L«e¥Xª©«~, ¤£±µ¨ü¤w¸g©óºô¸ô¤½¶}ªº¥¼¥¿¦¡µoªí½×¤å, ªýê¾Ç³Nª¾ÃѪº¬y³q¡C(waiting)

¶°¤¤¨åÂéΤÀ´²¨åÂÃ, http://makeashorterlink.com/?B5CC22BIB, http://makeashorterlink.ocm/?F1DC22BIB

Eprints¡BDSpace¤ÎFedora¬O¾÷ºc¨åÂéұ`¥Îªº¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé¡C

BOAI¦CÁ|­Y¤z¦Û¥Ñªº¨åÂónÅé(http://www.soros.org/openaccess/software/), SPARC¦CÁ|¨åÂäξǥZºÞ²z³nÅé(http://www.arl.org/sparc/resources/pubres.html)¡C

¨Ì¨ä¥\¯à¤À¬°ºØ: ¨åÂónÅé¡B¾Ç¥ZºÞ²z³nÅé¡C

  • MyCoRe
  • CDSWare
  • OPUS
  • i-tor
  • Archimede
  • Kepler
  • ¨åÂónÅé:

      1. Eprints
      2. Dspace

    ¾Ç¥ZºÞ²z³nÅé:

    1. Open Journal Systems
    2. DPubS

    Internet Archive

    1a. µÛ§@Åv

    ¦Û§Ú¨åÂëY¥H§@ªÌ¾Ö¦³½×¤åªº¹q¤l´²¥¬Åv¬°«e´£¡C¤w¸g§âµÛ§@ÅvÂಾµ¹¥Xª©ªÀªº½×¤å, ¤£¯à¦Û§Ú¨åÂÃ, «Ü¦h¥Xª©ªÀ¤£±µ¨ü¤w¸g¦L«e¥Xª©ªº½×¤å¡C1980¦~¥N°_, °ò©ó´X¥óÁͶÕ, §@ªÌ«O¯dµÛ§@Åvº¥¦¨±`ºA:

    1. §K¶O¾Ç¥Z¼W¦h, ¸Óµ¥¾Ç¥Z¤£­n¨D§@ªÌÂಾµÛ§@Åv;
    2. ªÀ·|ÁA¸ÑµÛ§@Åv¬O³y¦¨¾Ç¥Z¦M¾÷ªº¥D­n¦]¯À¤§¤@;
    3. Stevan Harnadµ¥¤H¤j¤O«Å¶Ç¦Û§Ú¨åÂ꺥²­n©Ê;
    4. ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¹B°Ê¤w°_

    ¾Ç¥Z¾Ö¦³ªºµÛ§@Åv·¥¬°¦³­­, ¦h¥b¯­¦³²Ä¤@¦¸µoªíÅv, §@ªÌ¥i¥H¦A±ÂÅvµ¹©Ò¦³ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤Î¨ä¥L´²¼½ªÌ¡C

    §@ªÌ±ÂÅvªºªk«ß¤å¥ó, «D±`½ÆÂø, ³Ð·N±ÂÅv(Creative Commons)±ø´Ú²Å¦X¶}©ñªñ¥Îªººë¯«, ¦³®Ä¦aµÎ¸Ñ§@ªÌªº·Ð´o¡C

    ªñ¦~¨Ó, ¥Xª©ªÀ³vº¥±µ¨ü¦L«e¥Xª©ªº½×¤å, ¦P·N§@ªÌ¦Û§Ú¨åÂèä½×¤å, §@ªÌ­n¨D®É, Åý§@ªÌ«O¯dµÛ§@Åv¡C

    §@ªÌ«O¯d¦Û¥Ñ´²¼½§@«~ªºÅv§Q, ¨Ã¥B»Ý§¹¾ã´²¼½, ¤£±o¦±¸Ñ¤º®e¡C

    GNU Free Documentation License

    Can I Copy This?, ¤½ª©µÛ§@Åvªºª§Ä³, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec02/copyright.html

    1b. §@ªÌºô¯¸

    ºô»Úºô¸ô¿³°_«á, FTP¤ÎGopher¦øªA¾¹´¿¸g¬O¨åÂç@ªÌ½×¤åªº³õ©Ò, ¥þ²y¸ê°Tºôµo©ú«á, §@ªÌ§ó²ßºD¦b¦Û¤vªººô¯¸«Ø¥ß¹q¤l¨åÂéÒ, ¤£Ã­©w¬O§@ªÌ¨åÂéҪº³Ì¤j§xÃø, ´«¤u§@¡B°h¥ð¡B¬Æ¦Ü¦º¤`, ³£¥i¯àÅý­ì¦³ªº¨åÂéҥ¢®Ä¡C¬Û¹ï¦Ó¨¥, ¾Ç¥Z¨åÂéҤξ÷ºc¨åÂéҪº½×¤å, ¸û¬°Ã­©w, ®e©ö³QÀ˯Á¾÷¨î¤ÎŪªÌÂ^¨ú¡C

    Les Carr & Stevan Harnadµo²{, §@ªÌ¦Û§Ú¨åÂîÉ, ¨C½g½×¤å¬ù¶O®É6¦Ü10¤ÀÄÁ¡C

    1c. ¾Ç¬ì¨åÂéÒ

    1991¦~¦¨¥ßªºªü¦èÀÉ®×(arXive), ¬O³Ì¦¨¥\ªº¾Ç¬ì¨åÂéÒ, ¥]¬Aª«²z¾Ç¡B¼Æ¾Ç¡B«D½u©Ê¬ì¾Ç¡B¹q¸£¬ì¾Ç¡B©w¶q¥Íª«¾Çµ¥¡C

    The well-populated field of eprint repository will soon have two new members: 

    Symposia, from Innovative Interfaces (announced but still forthcoming)
    http://www.iii.com/news/pr_template.php?id=238
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_10_fosblogarchive.html#a111324172532284433

    teiPublisher, from the University of Maryland Libraries (in beta)
    http://teipublisher.sourceforge.net/docs/index.php
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_03_fosblogarchive.html#a111253641515907283

    There were several other developments in this field as well:

    Two of the largest and most-used eprint repositories, ADS and arXiv, announced a partnership to offer a joint, customizable current-awareness service.
    http://i-newswire.com/pr15623.html
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_17_fosblogarchive.html#a111391905994950934

    METALIS is a new search engine from AePIC for OAI-compliant repositories in library and information science.
    http://metalis.cilea.it/
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_24_fosblogarchive.html#a111473077775944921

    My Meta Maker by Thomas Severiens is a tool for creating harvestable metadata for articles not on deposit in OAI-compliant archives.  (It's not new but it came up in an April AmSci OA Forum discussion.)
    http://www.isn-oldenburg.de/services/mmm/
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_24_fosblogarchive.html#a111478683629452951

    DSpace released version 1.3 alpha.
    https://mx2.arl.org/Lists/SPARC-OAForum/Message/1834.html

    Marion Prudlo wrote a review of three archiving tools (LOCKSS, Eprints, and DSpace) for the April 2005 issue of Ariadne.
    http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue43/prudlo/
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_24_fosblogarchive.html#a111486920107323620

    1d. ¾÷ºc¨åÂéÒ

    ¥H¯S©w¾÷ºc¬ã¨s¤H­ûµoªíªº½×¤å¬°¥D, ¤£¥H½×¤å¬°­­, ÁÙ¥]¬A: §Þ³N³ø§i¤Î¾Ç¦ì½×¤åµ¥¡C¦³¨Ç¾÷ºc§â¹q¤l¥Xª©ªÀªº¥\¯à¯Ç¤J, ¥Xª©¹q¤l®Ñ¤Î¹q¤l¾Ç¥Z; ³Â¬Ù²z¤u¾Ç°|©ó2000¦~¶}©lªºDSpace­pµe, ¬O¾÷ºc¨åÂéҪº½d¨Ò¡C

    4. ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z

    http://www.yasharbooks.com/Open/


    BOAI§â¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zµø¬°²Ä¤G­Óµ¦²¤¡C¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥ZÅý§@ªÌ«O¦³µÛ§@Åv, ©Î­n¨D§@ªÌ±Ä¥Î³Ð·N¦@¨É±ÂÅv¡C

    ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¥H¹q¤l¾Ç¥Z¬°¥D, ¹ïÀ³ªº¦L¥»¾Ç¥Z¤´¥i±Ä¥Î¥I¶Oªñ¥Î¡C»s§@§¹¦¨«á, ¦bºô¸ô´²¥¬ªº¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z, ¨ä¦¨¥»Áͪñ©ó¹s¡C°£¤F»ù®æ¤§¥~, ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¤]´î¤Ö¤F¦UºØªñ¥Î±±¨î¡C¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zªº½s¿è¡B¼f½Z¡B¥Xª©µ¥·~°È, ¤´»Ý¦¨¥»; ¦³«Ü¦h¸gÀç¼Ò¦¡, ³Ì±`¨£ªº¬O¦V§@ªÌ¦¬¶O, ©Î¦V¾÷ºc¦¬¨ú·|­û¶O, °òª÷·|®½ÃØ, ¦¬¨ì¸É§U, ¾÷ºcªº«D²{ª÷®½ÃØ, ¥H¤Î¨ä¥Lªþ¥[»ù­È¡C

    ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¦³À˯Á¤ÎºK­nªA°È, ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¥Ø¿ý(DOAJ)¬O³Ì §¹¾ãªº¥Ø¿ý¡C

    ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zªº¼v ÅT¤O, ¤£·|¤p©ó¦¬¶Oªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¡C

    ¦³´X­Ó¾÷ºc¹ï¥Xª©¤Î¨åÂö}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z»á¬°§ë¤J:

    1. BioMed Central: 2000¦~¦¨¥ß, Àç§Qªº¥Xª©ªÀ, ²{¦³¦Ê¾lºØ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z;

    2. the Public Library of Science (PLoS): ¦¨¥ß©ó2004¦~8¤ë, «DÀç§Q¥Xª©ªÀ, ²{¦³PLoS Biology¡BPLoS Medicineµ¥¨âºØ¾Ç¥Z, ÁÙ¦³¤TºØ¾Ç¥Z¤w¦bÄw³Æ¤¤; 2000¦~®É, ¤½¦@¬ì¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥H¤½¶}«H­n¨D¾Ç³N´Á¥Z¦b2001¦~9¤ë©³, À³¦b¥Xª©«á¤»­Ó¤ë¤º, ±N½×¤å¶}©ñªñ¥Î, ½Ð¨D³s¸pªÌ¤£­n¨Ñ½Z¡B¼f½Zµ¹¤£ÃÙ¦P¦¹¥D±iªº¾Ç¥Z, µ²ªG¦³180­Ó°ê®aªº34,000­Ó¾ÇªÌ³s¸p¡C¨S¦³±o¨ì¥Xª©ªÀ¥¿­±ªº¦^À³, ¤½¦@¬ì¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹E¨M©w¦Û¦æ¥Xª©¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¡C

    3. PubMed Central: ¥Ñ¬ü°ê°ê¥ßÂå¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ](National Library of Medicine)ªº°ê¥ß¥Íª«¬ì§Þ¸ê°T¤¤¤ß(National Center for Biotechnology Information)¸gÀç, ¨åÂåͩR¬ì¾Ç¾Ç¥Z, ¨ÑªÀ·|¤j²³¦Û¥Ñªñ¥Î; ¸Óµ¥¾Ç¥Zªº½s¿è¬Fµ¦¥²¶·²Å¦X¬Û·í¼Ð·Ç, ¤~¯à³Q¨åÂáC1999¦~¥Ñ¬ü°ê°ê®a½Ã¥Í°|(National Institutes of Health)ªº°|ªø Harold Varmus³Ð¿ì, ¦¬¿ý¤º®e¥]¬A¦L«e¤Î¦L«áªº¹q¤l¥Xª©«~, 2000¦~­×­q¦¹¬Fµ¦¡C

    4. ¤û¬z¤j¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ¾Ç¥Z³¡: 2005¦~5¤ë4¤é¤½§iOxford Open¬Fµ¦¡C§@ªÌ¥I¶O2,800¬ü¤¸³B²z¶O, ¸Ó½×¤å´N¥i¥H¥ß§Y¶}©ñªñ¥Î; §@ªÌ©ÒÄݾ÷ºc¤w­qÁʸӾǥZ, ¨É¦³1,500¬ü¤¸ªº§é¦©»ùÀu«Ý; ¦³°]°È§xÃøªº§@ªÌ, ¤]¥i¯S¨Ò³B²z¡C§_«h, ´N¥²¶·µ¥«Ý12­Ó¤ëªº©µ¿ð´Á¡C

    4a. ©µ¿ð´Á


    4b. §K¶Oªñ¥Î

    ¥Xª©ªÀ¤ä«ù¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z, http://www.dcprinciples.org/


    5. ¶}©ñ¨åÂëP¶i·|«á³]¸ê®ÆÂ^¨ú¨ó©w(OAI-PMH)

    ¶}©ñªñ¥Îªº§@«~´²¦b­Ó¤H¨åÂéҡB¾Ç¥Z¨åÂéҡB¾÷ºc¨åÂéҡB¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zµ¥¦a, ¥²¶·¤@­Ó­Ó¨t²Î¥h¬d, «D±`¤£¤è«K; ¦]¦¹, ¶}©ñ¨åÂëP¶i·|µo®i«á³]¸ê®ÆÂ^¨ú¨ó©w(Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metada Harvesting), ÅýªA°È´£¨ÑªÌ(À˯Á¨t²Î)¥i¥HÂ^¨ú¸ê®Æ´£¨ÑªÌ(¨åÂéÒ)ªº«á³]¸ê®Æ, ±N¦¹¸ê®Æ»E¶°°_¨Ó, ¥H³æ¤@ªºÀ˯Á¾÷¨î, §Y¥iÀ˯Á¦h­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¡C²Ä¤@ª©©ó2001¦~§¹¦¨¡C

    ±K¦è®Ú¤j¾Ç¼Æ¦ì¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥Í²£ªA°ÈªºOAIsterªA °È, ¬OªA°È´£¨ÑªÌ¤§¤@, ¥iÂ^¨ú458­Ó¸ê®Æ´£¨ÑªÌ5,272,686µ§°O¿ýªº«á³]¸ê®Æ(2005¦~4¤ë1¤éªº¸ê®Æ), Åý¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀ˯Á¦Ñ¹D©ú¤j¾Ç(Old Dominion University)ªº¼Æ¦ì¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬ã¨s²Õ¤]¦³¤@­Ó¸û¤p«¬ªº¹êÅç©ÊªA°È, Arc; ¶}©ñ¤Þ¤å­pµe(Open Citation Project)ªºCitebaseªA°È, ¥H¤Þ¤å±j¤Æ·j´Mªºµ²ªG; ¶}©ñ¨åÂëP¶i·|¦³ªA°È´£¨ÑªÌ¦W ³æ¤Î¸ê®Æ´£¨ÑªÌ¦W ³æ, ¥i¨Ñ°Ñ¦Ò¡CGoogle¤Î¶®ªêµ¥·j´M¤ÞÀº, ¤]¹ï«á³]¸ê®Æ¯Á¤Þ

    6. ¬F©²ºA«×¤Î¥ßªk

    ¬ü°ê¡B­^°ê¤Î¼Ú·ù½Ñ°ê¹ï¶Ç²Î¾Ç³N¥Xª©¨t²Î®i¶}©x¤è½Õ¬d, ¹ï©ó¬ì§ÞÂå¾Ç¾Ç¥Zªº°ª»ùªí¥ÜÃö¤Á, ¤×¨ä¹ï¬F©²¸É§Uªº¬ã¨s­pµe¦¨ªG¦b³o¨Ç¥I¶O¾Ç¥Zµoªí, ªí¹F²`¤ÁªºÃö¤ß¡C

    6a. ¬ü°ê

    2003¦~, ¬ü°ê²³Ä³­ûMartin O. Sabo´£¥XPublic Access to Science Act, ­n¨D¥Ñ¬F©²¸É§Uªº¬ã¨s­pµe¦¨ªG, ¥²¶·¸m©ó¤½¦@»â°ì¡C(Learned Society Publisher's Comment on PLoS/Sabo, 2003/7/20)¡C

    2004¦~, ¬ü°ê²³Ä³°|¼·´Ú©e­û·|(Appropriations Committee)«Øij¬ü°ê½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s°|(NIH)±Ä¨ú±¹¬I, ¦¬¨ì¨ü¬F©²¸É§Uªº¬ã¨s­pµe¦¨ªG®É, À³±H¦s©ó¤½¦@Âå¾Ç¤¤¤ß; ±µ¨ü¬ü°ê½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s°|¸É§Uªº½×¤å¤Î¬ã¨s­pµe¦¨ªG, À³±H¦s©ó¬ü°ê¤½¦@Âå¾Ç¤¤¤ß(PubMed Central)¡C

    ¸g¹L°Q½×«á, ¬ü°ê½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s°|ÀÀ©w­pµe, ©ó2005¦~5¤ë¶}©l¿ì²z, ¥i±¤¦³¤TÂIÅý¨B(National Institutes of Health, 2005):

    1. ¥Ñ­n¨D(requirement)Åܦ¨½Ð¨D(request), ¨S¦³±j¨î©Ê;
    2. ©µ¿ð´Á¥Ñ6­Ó¤ë©ñ¼e¬°12­Ó¤ë;
    3. ¥¼±Ä¥Î¬F©²ªº±ÂÅv®Ñ, ¥HµÛ§@©Ò¦³Åv¤Hªº¦P·N¬°«e´£¡C

    Just as Santorum was introducing his bill in the Senate, the U.S. National Science Board was calling for public comments on its recommendation that the U.S. government "encourage free and open access wherever feasible" to publicly-funded data.  (The deadline for public comments was yesterday.)
    http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/meetings/2005/LLDDC_draftreport.pdf
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_03_fosblogarchive.html#a111271253128847194

    And of course in January 2004, the U.S. government signed the OECD Declaration on Access to Research Data From Public Funding.
    http://www.oecd.org/document/0,2340,en_2649_34487_25998799_1_1_1_1,00.html

    ­±¹ï¥Xª©ªÀªº12­Ó¤ë©µ¿ð´Á, §@ªÌ¥i¥H¦³¤T­Ó¿ï¾Ü:
    1. ©ó¥Xª©¤§«á, ¦bPMC¥H¥~ªº¦a¤è, ¦Û§Ú¨åÂÃ¥þ¤å; 80%¥H¤Wªº¾Ç¥Z³£¦P·N§@ªÌ¦Û§Ú¨åÂÃ;
    2. ­n¨D¥Xª©ªÀ¦P·N¦bPMC©Î¨ä¥L¦a¤è¨åÂÃ;
    3. ±N½×¤å¦b¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¥Xª©¡C
    ¬ü°ê½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s°|¦¨¥ß¤½¶}ªñ¥Î¤u§@¤p²Õ(Public Access Working Group), ¥ô©R17¦ì©e­û, ³£¬O¹ï¶}©ñªñ¥Î¤Íµ½ªº¤H¤h¡Chttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/od/bor/workgroup_roster.html

    6b. ­^°ê

    ©x¤èªºResearch Councils UK(RCUK)¤Î¥Á¶¡ªºWellcome Trust¦P®É­n¨D¨ü¨ä¸É§Uªº¬ã¨s­pµe, ¥²¶·¦Û2005¦~10¤ë1¤é©l, ±N¨ä¦¨ªG¥H¶}©ñªñ¥Î¤è¦¡¤½§i¡C

    2004¦~7¤ë7¤é, ­^°ê¤Uij°|¬ì§Þ©e­û·|¹ï©ó¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©¥l¶}¤½Å¥·|, ´£¥X³ø§i(Scientific Publicatons: Free for All?, PDF), «Øij¥H¬F¬F¸g¶O¸É§Uªº¬ã¨s­pµe¦¨ªG, ¥²¶·±H¦s¦b¾÷ºc¨åÂéÒ, ­^°ê¦U°ªµ¥±Ð¨|¾÷ºc§¡À³«Ø¥ß¾÷ºc¨åÂéÒ, ¨Ã¥Ñ§@ªÌ¦V¬F©²¥Ó½Ð¼·¥I¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zªº¥Xª©¶O¡C

    Current models for publishing science are "unsatisfactory", according to a report issued by the House of Commons' Science and Technology Committee.

    The report says the government has failed to act on the issue "in a coherent manner", and calls for radical changes in the publishing process.

    It wants publicly funded research to be made freely available online by means of archived digital information banks.

    At present, access is limited to those who can afford costly journal fees.

    These subscriptions have risen dramatically in recent years, and amount to several hundred pounds a year for some titles.

    But static or decreasing budgets for libraries mean many public reading institutions cannot afford to renew their subscriptions.

    Raising standards

    The MPs' report criticises some of the giants in scientific publishing, such as Reed Elsevier, for charging too much for their journals.

    It advises the government to consider allocating funds to universities and other organisations to create online repositories where their research can be stored, and viewed by the public free of charge.

    MPs also praised the new "open access" method of publishing, in which the costs of publication are met by the authors of the research, rather than the readers.

    This could mean greater levels of scientific literacy amongst the general public, and a career boost for those academics involved, according to Professor Ian Gibson, chairman of the committee.

    "The developing world would love this too, because they have to access this kind of scientific information as they build up their science and technology front," he told the BBC.

    Issues of concern

    However, "author pays" schemes have led to concerns that not-for-profit organisations, which rely on the revenue generated from their journal subscriptions, would struggle to keep themselves afloat.

    There are also fears that research integrity could be compromised.

    "We feel that there could be a conflict between the model that charges authors whose papers have been accepted, and the quality of material being accepted," said Arie Jongen, the chief executive officer of Science & Technology at Elsevier.

    "Potentially, you could reduce your standards, accept more papers, and get more revenue."

    But Vitek Tracz, chairman of the open-access pioneers Current Science Group, said of the report: "This is the point of no return; it is now time for the publishing model to change."


    Call for freely available science,  Tuesday, 20 July, 2004 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/science/nature/3911285.stm

    6c. ¼Ú·ù

    2004¦~¤»¤ë, ¼Ú¬wij·|«Å¥¬, ±N¥J²Ó¬ã¨s¼Ú¬wªº¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©¥«³õ(An effective scientific publishing system for European research), ¨Ã¦b2005¦~¤½¥¬¬ã¨s¦¨ªG¡C

    http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/frankfurtgroup/openaccess/eblida.pdf

    ²üÄõ
    Dutch Academics Declare Research Free-For-All http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/05/11/open_access_research/
    "Scientists from all major Dutch universities officially launched a
    website on Tuesday where all their research material can be accessed for
    free. Interested parties can get hold of a total of 47,000 digital
    documents from 16 institutions [through DAREnet]. No other
    nation in the world offers such easy access to its complete academic
    research output in digital form, the researchers claim. Obviously,
    commercial publishers are not amused." regarding: http://www.darenet.nl/page/language.view/home

    http://www.creamofscience.org/

    7. µo®i¤¤°ê®a

    ¦b¶}©ñªñ¥Îµ¦²¤¤§¥~, ¥Xª©ªÀ¤Î­Y¤z¹ÎÅé§Æ±æ¦³¯S§Oªº¦w±Æ, §ïµ½¶}µo¤¤°ê®aªº¬ì¾Ç®aªñ¥Î¾Ç³N¤åÄmªº¼s«×¤Î²`«×; ¥H´î¤Ö©Î§K°£¶O¥Îªº¤è¦¡, Åý¶}µo¤¤°ê®aªº¬ì¾Ç®a±o¥Hªñ¥Î¾Ç³N¤åÄm¡C

    1. Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture, AGORA; ¥Íª«Âå¾Ç¾Ç¥Z
    2. Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative, HINARI; ¥Íª«Âå¾Ç¾Ç¥Z
    3. Ptolemy Project; ÂǥѪþÄÝ©ó¥[®³¤j¦h­Û¦h¤j¾Ç, Åý¶}µo¤¤°ê®aªº¬ã¨s¤H­û¤Î°õ·~Âå¥Í¥i¥H§K¶Oªñ¥Î¦Ü±ÂÅvªº¹q¤l¾Ç¥Z¤Î¨ä¥L¸ê·½; ³W¼Ò¸û¤p¡C
    4. Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO; ¦X§@«¬¹q¤l¥Xª©­pµe, ©Ô¤B¬ü¬w¤Î¥[°Ç¤ñ®ü¾Ç¥Zªº¥Xª©¥­¥x¡C

    ¶}©ñªñ¥Î·¥¨ü¶}µo¤¤°ê®aÅwªï, °£¤F«e­zªº²z¥Ñ, ÁÙ¥i¥H¼W¥[¨ä¬ã¨s¦¨ªGªºÃn¥ú²v¡C

    http://web.jdrc.ca/es/ev-10380-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

    51­Ó³Ì¤£µo¹F°ê®a(2005):
    Asia(10 Countries): Afghanistan¡BBhutan¡BBangladesh¡BCambodia¡BLao People¡¦s Democratic Republic¡BMaldives¡BMyanmar¡BNepal¡BTimor-Leste¡BYemen
    Africa (35 Countries): Angola¡BBenin¡BBotswana¡BBurkina Faso¡BBurundi¡BCape Verde¡BCentral African Republic¡BChad¡BComoros¡BDemocratic Republic of Congo¡BDjibouti¡BEquatorial Guinea¡BEritrea¡BEthiopia¡BGambia¡BGuinea¡BGuinea-Bissau¡BLesotho¡BLiberia¡B Madagascar¡BMalawi¡BMali¡BMauritania¡BMozambique¡BNiger¡BRwanda¡BSao Tome and Principe¡BSenegal¡BSierra Leone¡BSomalia¡BSudan¡BTogo¡BUganda¡BUnited Republic of Tanzania¡BZambia
    Oceania (5 Countries): Kiribati¡BSamoa¡BSolomon Islands¡BTuvalu¡BVanuatu
    Caribbean (1 Country): Haiti
    Áp¦X°ê²{¦³191­Ó·|­û°ê¡C
    ¥þ¥@¬Éªº°ê®a, ¥]¬A»â¦a¡B°UºÞ¦aµ¥¦b¤º, ¦@¦³240­Ó,  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countries_of_the_world
    worldfact, cia book.

    8. ¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¦^À³

    8a. ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹ÎÅé


    8b. ¬ü°ê

    The last big wave of university resolutions in support of OA or in opposition to high journal prices came in the fall and winter of 2003-2004.  A new wave started this spring.  Some of these resolutions were adopted in March but only publicized in April.  In chronological order by date of adoption:

    University of North Carolina, March 4, 2005.  Two resolutions.
    http://www.unc.edu/faculty/faccoun/minutes/M05FC03.htm
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_10_fosblogarchive.html#a111323674585234682

    Article about the UNC resolutions.
    http://www.dailytarheel.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/04/11/425a67bc786c9
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_10_fosblogarchive.html#a111323098879146195

    University of California, March 10, 2005.
    http://www.slp.ucop.edu/consultation/slasiac/SLASIAC_Resolution_I.html
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_17_fosblogarchive.html#a111385884459773647

    University of Kansas, March 10, 2005.
    http://www.provost.ku.edu/policy/Scholarly%20Resolution/Scholarly%20Information%20Resolution.doc
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_03_fosblogarchive.html#a111283227548804497

    In addition to its resolution, Kansas also signed the Registry of Institutional OA Self-Archiving Policies, becoming the first U.S. institution and the first AAU institution to do so.
    http://www.eprints.org/signup/fulllist.php

    Columbia University, April 1, 2005.
    https://mx2.arl.org/Lists/SPARC-OAForum/Message/1812.html
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_03_fosblogarchive.html#a111265739123333902

    Article about the Columbia resolution.
    http://www.columbiaspectator.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/04/04/4250f2a2bbf85
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_03_fosblogarchive.html#a111262779531072995

    See my list of university resolutions, including quoted excerpts.
    http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/lists.htm#actions


    8c. ­^°ê


    8d. ¼Ú·ù

    8e. »OÆW

    3b«Å¨¥ªºÃ±¸p
    plos

    9. µ²½×

    °Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ

    1. ECHO charter European Cultural Heritage Online (ECHO), http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/home/documents/charter
    2. Public Knowledge [¤½¦@ª¾ÃÑ], http://www.publicknowledge.org/
    3. Open Access to Scientific Literature - OASE, À˯Á26­Ó¼w°ê¤j¾Çªº¾÷ºc¨åÂÃ, ±Ä¥ÎKarlsruhe¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¶}µoªº§Þ³N, http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk/kvvk/kvvk_en.html
    4. Foster, A.L. (2003)  Scientists at U. of California at San Francisco Push for Boycott Against 6 Biology Journals, Chronicle of Higher Education, Tuesday, October 21, 2003, http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/elsevier.html
    5. Roberts, R.J. & et al.  (2004)  An Open Letter to the U.S. Congress Signed by 25 Nobel Prize Winners,  August 26, 2004 [¤ä«ù¬ü°ê°ê¥ß½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s°|±N©e°U¬ã¨s®×¥I½Ñ¶}©ñªñ¥Î], https://mx2.arl.org/Lists/SPARC-OAForum/Message/991.html
    6. Open Scientific Publishing Forum, http://www.openspf.de/space/start
    7. Willinsky J. The Nine Flavours of Open Access Scholarly Publishing . J Postgrad Med [serial online] 2003 [cited 2005 May 8];49:263-267. Available from: http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2003;
      volume=49;issue=3;spage=263;epage=267;aulast=Willinsky

    Creative Commons±ÂÅv±ø´Ú¥»¤å±Ä ¥ÎCreative Commons©m¦W¼Ð¥Ü-¬Û¦P¤è¦¡¤À¨É±ÂÅv±ø´Ú

    ±z±o¦Û¥Ñ¡G

    ±z¥²¶·:
    ·íµM, ¦pªG±z¨ú±o§Úªº®Ñ­±¦P·N(¯­¦b·¥¬°¯S¨Òªº±¡ªp¤U¤~·|µo¥Í), ¥H¤W±ø¥ó³£¯à³Q§K°£¡C